Trace of A-transpose-A

For A=(1234)A=\begin{pmatrix}1&2\\3&4\end{pmatrix}, compute tr⁡(A⊤A)\operatorname{tr}(A^{\top}A) (the trace of A⊤AA^{\top}A).

Show hints (2)+
  1. tr⁡(A⊤A)\operatorname{tr}(A^{\top}A) is the sum of the squares of all entries of AA.
  2. 12+22+32+421^2+2^2+3^2+4^2.

Answer

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