Probability

Combinations

Also known as: Binomial Coefficient, n choose k

The number of ways to choose k items from n when order does not matter.

C(n,k) = n! / (k! (n-k)!).

Symmetry: C(n,k) = C(n, n-k), which often halves the arithmetic - C(20,18) is C(20,2) = 190.

Pascal's rule: C(n,k) = C(n-1,k-1) + C(n-1,k), from conditioning on whether a particular item is chosen.

The trap. Order. If the selection is ordered, you want permutations, n!/(n-k)!, which is larger by a factor of k!. Deciding "does order matter here?" before computing anything prevents most counting errors.

Worth memorising the small values: C(4,2)=6, C(5,2)=10, C(6,3)=20, C(52,2)=1326.

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